Desynchronization of Large Scale Delayed Neural Networks

We consider a ring of identical neurons with delayed nearest neighborhood inhibitory interaction. Under general conditions, such a network has a slowly oscillatory synchronous periodic solution which is completely characterized by a scalar delay di erential equation with negative feedback. Despite the fact that the slowly oscillatory periodic solution of the scalar equation is stable, we show that the associated synchronous solution is unstable if the size of the network is large

Oscillation in neutral partial functional differential equations and inequalities

We derive some sufficient conditions for certain classes of ordinary differential inequalities of neutral type with distributed delay not to have eventually positive or negative solutions. These, together with the technique of spatial average, the Green's Theorem and Jensen's inequality, yield some sufficient conditions for all solutions of a class of neutral partial functional differential equations to be oscillatory. An example is given to illustrate the result

Enhanced Surveillance on Food-Borne Disease Outbreaks: Dynamics of Cross-Contamination in Biocidal Wash Procedure

Understanding the geographic and temporal spread of food-borne diseases associated with fresh produce is crucial for informing adequate surveillance and control. As a first step towards this goal, we develop and analyze a novel three stage model at the processing/sanitization juncture in the fresh produce supply chain. The key feature of our model is its ability to describe the dynamics of cross-contamination during commercial wash procedures. In general, we quantify the degree of cross-contamination in terms of model parameters. Applying these results in the case of Escherichia coli O157:H7 contamination of fresh-cut romaine lettuce, we identify the mean wash time and free chlorine concentration as critical parameters. In addition to showing how these parameters affect contamination levels, we recommend that in order to prevent potential source misidentification, at least 2.2 mg/L of free chlorine should be used during a wash lasting at least 30 s

Enhanced Surveillance on Food-Borne Disease Outbreaks: Dynamics of Cross-Contamination in Biocidal Wash Procedure

Understanding the geographic and temporal spread of food-borne diseases associated with fresh produce is crucial for informing adequate surveillance and control. As a first step towards this goal, we develop and analyze a novel three stage model at the processing/sanitization juncture in the fresh produce supply chain. The key feature of our model is its ability to describe the dynamics of cross-contamination during commercial wash procedures. In general, we quantify the degree of cross-contamination in terms of model parameters. Applying these results in the case of Escherichia coli O157:H7 contamination of fresh-cut romaine lettuce, we identify the mean wash time and free chlorine concentration as critical parameters. In addition to showing how these parameters affect contamination levels, we recommend that in order to prevent potential source misidentification, at least 2.2 mg/L of free chlorine should be used during a wash lasting at least 30 s

The Competition of Passenger Transport and the Increase of Passenger Train Speed in China: A Review and Prospects

The purpose of this paper is to consider the current situation of passenger transport competition among modes, the progress of increasing the competitive capacity of Chinese Railways (CR) , mainly by raising the speed of passenger trains, and possible future developments. The first part describes the past and current situation of passenger transport in China, from the market in which the supply, dominated by rail, did not satisfied the demand to the market in which the supply which is becoming a little bit over the demand, due to the economic reform and open door policy adopted by Chinese Government. The situation of the passenger transport competition between different modes in different market segment in terms of tariff and service level (speed, frequency and comfortable) and change of market share, are then described. In the following section the key efforts that CR adopted to increase its competitive capacity in the passenger transport – upgrading the existing line and improving the rolling stocks to raise the running speed of passenger trains, running diversified passenger trains, increasing the frequency of passenger train, opening some passenger service market to private or non railway firm and so on – and its effects are then described. Finally, the possible future development of passenger transport in CR, in the fields of competition, ownership and organization reform, and price deregulation, are considered.Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies. Faculty of Economics and Business. The University of Sydne

The Competition of Passenger Transport and the Increase of Passenger Train Speed in China: A Review and Prospects

The purpose of this paper is to consider the current situation of passenger transport competition among modes, the progress of increasing the competitive capacity of Chinese Railways (CR) , mainly by raising the speed of passenger trains, and possible future developments. The first part describes the past and current situation of passenger transport in China, from the market in which the supply, dominated by rail, did not satisfied the demand to the market in which the supply which is becoming a little bit over the demand, due to the economic reform and open door policy adopted by Chinese Government. The situation of the passenger transport competition between different modes in different market segment in terms of tariff and service level (speed, frequency and comfortable) and change of market share, are then described. In the following section the key efforts that CR adopted to increase its competitive capacity in the passenger transport – upgrading the existing line and improving the rolling stocks to raise the running speed of passenger trains, running diversified passenger trains, increasing the frequency of passenger train, opening some passenger service market to private or non railway firm and so on – and its effects are then described. Finally, the possible future development of passenger transport in CR, in the fields of competition, ownership and organization reform, and price deregulation, are considered.Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies. Faculty of Economics and Business. The University of Sydne